Resumo O guaranazeiro [Paullinia cupana var. sorbilis (Mart.) Ducke] é uma espécie de grande importância econômica e social no Brasil, pois é o único produtor comercial de guaraná no mundo. O método de propagação vegetativa indicado para a cultura é a estaquia que visa produtividade, tolerância e uniformidade das cultivares clonais, isso porque a reprodução por sementes possui lenta germinação e alta variabilidade genética, o que nas variedades tradicionais é um fator indesejado. Fatores genéticos podem interferir na capacidade de enraizamento da cultura. Estudos buscam alternativas que possam melhorar essa condição e potencializar o sistema produtivo. Uso de reguladores de crescimento, microrganismos promotores do crescimento vegetal, variação de substratos e adubações, tem sido estratégias utilizadas. Ensaios preliminares sobre a taxa de enraizamento caulinar e germinação de sementes com uso de fitormônio exógenos não demonstraram efeitos expressivos em relação à não aplicação desses indutores. O uso de rizobactérias, apresenta-se como atividade promissora em muitas culturas, ainda não foi demonstrado na cultura do guaraná. Por outro lado, a influência de diferentes substratos sobre o enraizamento, já demonstrou resultados significativos em função da taxa de enraizamento. A adubação das plantas matrizes conforme recomendação do sistema de produção para a cultura, comprovadamente é um procedimento eficiente. Constata-se que ainda são escassos estudos voltados à melhoria da propagação do guaranazeiro, demonstrando que novos protocolos precisam ser explorados, ou que os protocolos já utilizados sejam revistos sob outra perspectiva. Paullinia var Mart. Mart (Mart. Ducke Brasil mundo produtividade clonais genética indesejado produtivo vegetal adubações utilizadas indutores rizobactérias apresentase apresenta se culturas lado eficiente Constatase Constata explorados perspectiva (Mart

Abstract Guarana [Paullinia cupana var. sorbilis (Mart.) Ducke] is a species of great economic and social important in Brazil, as it is the only commercial guarana producer in the world. The vegetative propagation method indicated for the culture is stem cuttings, which aims at productivity, tolerance, and uniformity of clonal cultivars, because reproduction by seeds has slow germination and high genetic variability, which in traditional varieties is an undesirable factor. Genetic factors can interfere with the rooting capacity of the crop. Studies seek alternatives that can improve this condition and enhance the production system. Use of growth regulators, microorganisms that promote plant growth, variation of substrates and fertilization, have been strategies used. Preliminary tests on the rate of stem rooting and seed germination with the use of exogenous phytohormone did not demonstrate in relation to the non-application of these inducers. The use of rhizobacteria, which presents itself as a promising activity in many cultures, has not yet been demonstrated in the culture of guarana. On the other hand, the influence of different substrates on rooting has already shown consistent results as a function of rooting rate. Fertilizing the mother plants as recommended by the production system for the crop has proven to be an efficient procedure. There are still few studies aimed at improving the spread of guarana, demonstrating that new protocols need to be explored, or that the protocols already used are reviewed from another perspective. Paullinia var Mart. Mart (Mart. Ducke Brazil world cuttings productivity tolerance cultivars variability factor regulators fertilization nonapplication non application inducers rhizobacteria cultures hand procedure explored perspective (Mart

Every year, billions of dollars are invested in research and development for space applications, including new systems, new technologies, and new materials. DLC (Diamond-Like Carbon) is a promising material for use in these applications, but its use faces a technological barrier, since it is severely etched by atomic oxygen and ozone. In this study, SiOx-DLC thin films were deposited as a top layer of diamond-like carbon (DLC) films on Ti-6Al-4V substrates to increase resistance against corrosion by atomic oxygen and ozone as well as meet the requirements for use in Low Earth Orbit (LEO) satellites. The corrosion resistance of the films was evaluated using oxygen plasma, and the tribological and mechanical properties were investigated. The SiOx-DLC top layer reduced the corrosion rate two orders of magnitude and increased the critical load from 16.2 ± 1.5 N to 18.4 ± 0.4 N.

RESUMO O objetivo desta pesquisa foi avaliar o tempo de ação do Lactobacillus plantarum no trato intestinal, assim como em qual frequência esse probiótico deve ser oferecido para tilápia-do-nilo (Oreochomis niloticus). Quarenta e oito tilápias foram alimentadas com ou sem probiótico, durante 14 dias. Após esse período, os peixes foram esviscerados, e amostras do trato intestinal foram semeadas em ágar TCBS, cetrimide e MRS. Esse procedimento foi repetido dois, quatro e seis dias após o 14º dia. Depois disso, 252 tilápias foram divididas em quatro tratamentos, peixes alimentados com probiótico suplementado em 100%, 50%, 25% e 0% (controle) das alimentações. Após nove semanas, os índices zootécnicos foram avaliados. No dia zero, verificou-se maior concentração de bactérias ácido-lácticas e menor concentração de Vibrios spp. e de Pseudomonas spp. no trato intestinal dos alevinos alimentados com probiótico. Peixes alimentados com 100% e 50% das alimentações suplementadas com probiótico apresentaram melhores índices zootécnicos que os peixes alimentados com 25% de suplementação e sem suplementação. O L. plantarum atuou por quatro dias após a última alimentação, e, para obter os melhores índices, essa cepa deve ser suplementada em 50% das alimentações por dia para tilápia-do-nilo (O. niloticus).

Resumo O presente trabalho é um compêndio sobre tintas intumescentes, apresentando as principais características a respeito de sua composição química, propriedades termo físicas e desempenho como material de proteção contra incêndio. São apresentadas algumas das principais publicações técnicas e linhas de pesquisas sobre a intumescência. Objetiva-se, assim, elucidar o atual estágio técnico de pesquisas e possibilitar uma melhor compreensão sobre este material de proteção contra incêndio.

Abstract This paper is a compendium on intumescent paint and its main features regarding chemical composition, thermophysical properties and performance as a fire-retardant material. Some of the main technical publications and lines of research on the subject are presented herein. The purpose of this paper is to show the current stage of the technical research being conducted on the topic and enable a better understanding of this fire-retardant material.

Abstract Part of the oil found in the Brazilian subsoil has a high wax content, which makes its flow process difficult at low temperatures because of the increase in the viscosity of the fluid. This paper studied the flow behavior of waxy crude oil under variation in the temperature of the external environment of the flow, the volumetric flow rate of the oil and the emulsified water content of the oil. The results were compared with those obtained for a non-waxy crude oil that had similar rheological properties at temperatures above the wax appearance temperature (WAT). The proposed tests were based on the experimental design technique, and the behavior of the fluids was evaluated based on the pressure variation generated by the flow.

RESUMOOs radicais livres e outros oxidantes demonstram ser parcialmente responsáveis pelo envelhecimento e pelas doenças degenerativas associadas à produção de espécies reativas de oxigênio. Além disto, os compostos fenólicos são reconhecidamente detentores de elevada atividade antioxidante, que geralmente estão envolvidos em tratamentos de problemas de pigmentação da pele, que resultam em hiperpigmentações. Sendo assim este trabalho foi realizado para avaliar o conteúdo de fenóis totais, atividade antioxidante e a capacidade de inibição da tirosinase dos extratos das folhas e cascas do caule da espécie Myracrodruonurundeuva Fr. All. Para determinação do conteúdo de fenóis totais dos extratos orgânicos de M. urundeuva utilizou-se o reativo Folin-Ciocalteau, na avaliação da atividade antioxidante empregando o radical livre DPPH, enquanto que os testes de inibição da enzima tirosinase foram realizados utilizando L-tirosina. A concentração de fenóis totais foi de 77 mg EAG g-1 e 194 mg EAG g-1 nos extratos hexânico e metanólico das folhas e de 45 mg EAG g-1 e 193 mg EAG g-1 nos extratos hexânico e metanólico das cascas do caule. O potencial antioxidante dos extratos indicaram que o extrato metanólico das cascas do caule (10,9 ± 0,5 µg mL-1), em comparação ao hexânico (12,9 ± 0,2 µg mL-1) e ao BHT (220 ± 7,0 µg mL-1), possui atividade antioxidante levemente mais acentuada. No ensaio de inibição da tirosinase, o extrato metanólico das cascas do caule demonstrou a inibição da enzima em 42% após uma hora.

ABSTRACTFree radicals and other oxidants had demonstrated to be partially responsible for aging and for degenerative diseases associated with the production of reactive oxygen species. In addition, the phenolic compounds are recognized as holders of high antioxidant activity, which usually are involved in the treatment of pigmentation problems, resulting in hyper pigmentation. So this study was carried out in order to evaluate the content of total phenols, antioxidant activity and capacity inhibition of tyrosinase in extracts from leaves and stem barks of the species Myracrodruon urundeuva Fr. All. In order to determine the content of total phenols from organic extracts of M. urundeuva, a Folin-Ciocalteau reagent was employed in the evaluation of antioxidant activity,using the DPPH free radical, while the enzyme tyrosinase inhibition tests were performed using L-tyrosine. The amount of total phenols was 77 mg EAG g-1 and 194 in the hexane and methanolic extracts from the leaves and 45 mg EAG g-1 and 193 mg EAG g-1in the hexane and methanolic extracts of the stem barks. The antioxidant potential of extracts indicated that the methanolic extract of stem bark (10.9 ± 0.5 µg mL-1), when compared to the hexane (12.9 ± 0.2 µg mL-1) and BHT (220 ± 7.0 µg mL-1), presented a slightly higher antioxidant activity. For the tyrosinase inhibitiontrial , the methanolic extract ofstem barks indicated anenzyme inhibition of 42% after an hour.

Introduction: The identification of stages of dietary change and the factors affecting food choices can direct more effective nutritional intervention against coronary heart disease progression. Objective: Identify the stages of change of eating behavior and its relation with nutritional status, food consumption and previous cardiovascular events in patients who underwent coronary angioplasty. Methods: A cross-sectional study with 200 hospitalized patients from a specialized cardiology hospital, after elective coronary angioplasty. They were applied an algorithm that identifies the provision of change of eating habits for a healthier pattern. Variables measured were stages of change of eating behavior, nutritional status, food consumption and cardiovascular events (previous myocardial infarction or angioplasty). It was realized comparison of averages by analysis of variance or Student´s test and Chi-square test for qualitative variables. Value of significance was taken at 5%. Results: The patients were classified in the following stages: 36% maintenance, 26% preparation, 17% precontemplation, 12% action and 9% contemplation. It was observed higher cardiovascular events in maintenance/action group (p = 0.04), higher consumption of calories (p = 0.04), meat/eggs (p = 0.01) and sweets (p = 0.03) in preparation stage, comparing to maintenance group, and no association between nutritional status and stages of change (p = 0.13), although 62% of the individuals in maintenance stage were overweight. Conclusions: This work contributed to identifying the stages of change and conditions that favor changes in eating pattern. Even patients that classified themselves into the maintenance stage need to adjust their eating habits in order to reach a healthy weight.

Introducción: La identificación de las etapas de cambio en la dieta y los factores que afectan la elección de alimentos puede dirigir una intervención nutricional más eficaz contra la progresión de la enfermedad coronaria. Objetivos: Identificar las etapas de cambio de la conducta alimentaria y su relación con el estado nutricional, consumo de alimentos y los eventos cardiovasculares anteriores en pacientes sometidos a angioplastia coronaria. Métodos: Estudio transversal con 200 pacientes de un hospital especializado en cardiología, después de angioplastia coronaria electiva. Se aplicaron un algoritmo que identifica la disposición del cambio de hábitos de alimentación para un patrón mas saludable. Las variables medidas fueron las etapas de cambio de la conducta alimentaria, estado nutricional, consumo de alimentos y eventos cardiovasculares (infarto de miocardio o angioplastia previos). Resultados: los pacientes fueron clasificados en las siguientes etapas: 36% en mantenimiento, 26% en preparación, 17% en precontemplación, 12% en acción y 9% en contemplación. Se observaron mas eventos cardiovasculares en mantenimiento/ acción (p = 0,04), mayor consumo de calorías (p = 0,04), carne y huevos (p = 0,01) y dulces (p = 0,03) en la etapa de preparación, en comparación con el de mantenimiento, y ninguna asociación entre el estado nutricional y las etapas de cambio (p = 0,13), aunque el 62% de los individuos en la etapa de mantenimiento estaban con sobrepeso. Conclusiones: Este trabajo contribuyó por la identificación de las etapas de cambio y las condiciones que favorecen los cambios en el patrón de alimentación. Mismo los pacientes que se clasificaron a la fase de mantenimiento hay la necesidad de ajustar sus hábitos alimenticios con el fin de lograr un peso saludable.

Dichotomius schiffleri Vaz-de-Mello et al is often cited as endemic to the preserved coastal sandy-dune vegetation (restinga) of Guriri Island, Espírito Santo state, and is included in the Brazilian List of Endangered Fauna as "critically endangered" (CR). However, we recorded its occurrence in twelve additional sites along the coasts of Espírito Santo, Bahia, Sergipe and Pernambuco. The geographic distribution of D. schiffleri is limited to the coastal Atlantic Forest domain, mainly in preserved restinga patches. We recommend that D. schiffleri remains in the List of Endangered species, but in the "endangered" (EN) category, according to the IUCN criteria.

Filtering hydrocyclone is a device that was developed and patented by the Particulate System Research Group at the Federal University of Uberlandia. This equipment consists of a hydrocyclone whose conical section is replaced by a conical filtering wall. Thus, during the operation of these devices, besides the underflow and overflow streams, there is another stream of liquid, resulting from the filtrate produced in the porous cone. In the present work, the influence of some geometric variables of a filtering hydrocyclone was analyzed by an experimental and CFD study. The geometric variables analyzed were underflow orifice diameter (D U) and vortex finder length (ℓ). Data from a conventional hydrocyclone of the same configuration were also obtained. The results indicated that the performance of hydrocyclones is significantly influenced by the conical filtering wall. The incorporation of the filtering medium decreased the Euler numbers and increased the total efficiency of the hydrocyclones. Depending on the specific functions of the separator (as a classifier or concentrator) the best values of D U and ℓ were also found for the filtering hydrocyclone.

RESUMO Vários relatos de atividades biológicas podem ser encontrados nas espécies de plantas pertencentes ao gênero Aristolochia (Aristolochiaceae), cujas plantas estão distribuídas em todo o território nacional. Visando a obtenção de mais informações sobre essas plantas, avaliou-se a ação de extratos de Aristolochia lagesiana Ule. var. intermedia Hoehne sobre Anticarsia gemmatalis Hüebner, 1818 (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae). O experimento foi conduzido no Laboratório de Biologia e Criação de insetos da FCAV/ UNESP – Jaboticabal e no Laboratório de Química Orgânica do IQ/ UNESP – Araraquara. A toxidade relativa dos extratos foi determinada através da aplicação tópica de uma gota de 1 µL de solução, de cada extrato, que foi aplicada no mesotórax de lagartas de terceiro instar, utilizando-se um aparelho microaplicador. As plantas foram extraídas em acetona, que foi evaporada antes da aplicação e, para isto, os extratos foram re-solubilizados em etanol para obtenção das seguintes dosagens: 6,0; 9,6; 13,2; 16,8; 20,4 e 22,0 mg/?L. Os extratos de A. lagesiana alongam a duração do período larval, reduzem o peso de pupas e também diminuem a viabilidade larval de A. gemmatalis .

ABSTRACT Various reports have shown that species of the genusAristolochia, whose plants are distributed throughout Brazilian territory, can produce biological effects. The objective of the present study was to evaluate the action of extracts of Aristolochia lagesianaUle. var. intermedia Hoehne (Aristolochiaceae) on the velvetbean caterpillar. The bioassays were conducted at the Biology and Rearing Insect Laboratory of the FCAV/UNESP in Jaboticabal, state of São Paulo, SP, Brazil, and at the Chemistry Organic Laboratory of the IQ/UNESP in Araraquara, SP. The relative toxicity of the extracts was evaluated through the topical application of 1 µL of extract solution on the mesothorax of third-instar Anticarsia gemmatalis larvae, using a microsyringe, connected to a microapplicator apparatus. Plants were extracted in acetone, which was completely evaporated before the application. For applying on insects, extracts were diluted in ethanol to obtain the following dosages: 6.0, 9.6, 13.2, 16.8, 20.4 and 22.0 mg/?L. Extracts of A. lagesiana increased the duration of the larval phase, decreased the pupae weight and also the larval viability.

Os padrões espaciais da variação da biodiversidade em escalas regionais raramente são considerados na escolha de uma reserva (unidades de conservação), a despeito dos diversos métodos disponíveis para esse fim. Neste trabalho, usamos dados da extensão de ocorrência de 105 espécies de Anura (Amphibia) na região de Cerrado, no Brasil Central, para estabelecer um sistema regional de áreas potenciais que preserve toda a diversidade da região. Para tanto, três algoritmos de seleção de redes de reservas foram testados: "greedy", raridade e "annealing" simulado. Com base na complementação, esses algoritmos geraram redes com 10, 12 e 8 regiões, respectivamente, sendo estas amplamente distribuídas no bioma e contemplando diferentes Estados da União. Esses algoritmos buscam o menor número de regiões que representem todas as espécies pelo menos uma vez. No entanto, 67,6%, 76,2% e 69,5% das espécies foram representadas ("preservadas") em duas ou mais regiões nas três redes de reservas selecionadas pelos métodos citados. O algoritmo "annealing" simulado resultou na menor rede, no entanto, não incluiu áreas para a preservação de três espécies (sendo uma delas endêmica). Por outro lado, embora o algoritmo de "greedy" tenha resultado em menor solução, o método baseado na raridade garante que mais espécies sejam representadas mais de uma vez, o que pode ser vantajoso considerando a elevada taxa de perda de habitat no Cerrado. Embora imprecisas, as abordagens em grandes escalas espaciais podem indicar estratégias gerais para a conservação e definir esforços de conservação locais e mais efetivos. Isto é especialmente importante quando se trata de um grupo taxonômico como os anuros, com declínios populacionais acentuados registrados mundialmente.

Spatial patterns in biodiversity variation at a regional scale are rarely taken into account when a natural reserve is to be established, despite many available methods for determining them. In this paper, we used dimensions of occurrence of 105 species of Anura (Amphibia) in the cerrado region of central Brazil to create a regional system of potential areas that preserves all regional diversity, using three different algorithms to establish reserve networks: "greedy", rarity, and simulated annealing algorithms. These generated networks based on complementarity with 10, 12, and 8 regions, respectively, widely distributed in the biome, and encompassing various Brazilian states. Although the purpose of these algorithms is to find a small number of regions for which all species are represented at least once, the results showed that 67.6%, 76.2%, and 69.5% of the species were represented in two or more regions in the three networks. Simulated annealing produced the smallest network, but it left out three species (one endemic). On the other hand, while the greedy algorithm produce a smaller solution, the rarity-based algorithm ensured that more species were represented more than once, which can be advantageous because it takes into consideration the high levels of habitat loss in the cerrado. Although usually coarse, these macro-scale approaches can provide overall guidelines for conservation and are useful in determining the focus for more local and effective conservation efforts, which is especially important when dealing with a taxonomic group such as anurans, for which quick and drastic population declines have been reported throughout the world.

The filtering hydrocyclone is a solid-liquid separation device patented by the Chemical Engineering Department at the Federal University of Uberlândia, which consists of a hydrocyclone whose conical section was replaced by a conical filtering wall. The objective of this work is to compare the performances of the filtering hydrocyclones designed by Bradley and by Rietema. The experimental results obtained with the filtering hydrocyclones under the same operational conditions as those used with the conventional device allow the conclusion that performance of the Bradley and Rietema types is significantly influenced by the filtering medium. Rietema's filtering hydrocyclones had a lower volumetric feed flowrate than the conventional device and Bradley's filtering hydrocyclones showed increases in this same variable. In both designs, overall efficiency was influenced by the underflow-to-throughput ratio.

Geomagnetic storms are intervals of time when a sufficiently intense and long-lasting interplanetary convection electric field leads, through a substantial injection of energy into the magnetosphere-ionosphere system, to an intensified ring current, strong enough to exceed some key threshold of the quantifying storm time Dst index. We have studied all the 9 great magnetic storms (peak Dst < -200 nT) observed during the rise and maximum of solar cycle 23 (from 1997 to early 2001), in order to identify their solar and interplanetary causes. Apart of one storm occurred during the period without observations from the Solar and Heliospheric Observatory (SOHO), all of them were related to coronal mass ejections observed by the Large Angle and Spectroscopic Coronagraph (LASCO). The sources of interplanetary southward magnetic field, Bs, responsible for the occurrence of the storms were related to the intensified shock/sheath field, interplanetary magnetic cloud's field, or the combination of sheath-cloud or sheath-ejecta field. It called our attention the fact that one of the events was related to a slow CME, with CME expansion speed not greater than 550 km/s. The purpose of this paper is to address the main sources of large geomagnetic disturbances using the current satellite capability available. As a general conclusion, we found that shock/sheath compressed fields are the most important interplanetary causes of great magnetic storms during this period.